13.040.20 (Ambient atmospheres) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2913-96(2007) 大气中硫醇含量的标准试验方法

Mercaptans are odorous substances offensive at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. They are emitted from geothermal sources, industrial processes, and food processing facilities.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the concentration of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100 parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195 956;g/m3). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v) level, the sampling period can be reduced or the liquid volume increased either before or after aspirating. The minimum detectable amount of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 956;g/mL (1) in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 956;g methyl mercaptan/m3 at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and 25176;C). This test method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate among individual mercaptans, although it is most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

ASTM D6007-96 用小型室测定空气中来自木制品的甲醛浓度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to results obtained testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E 1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E 1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described. 1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber testing.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard values. Any values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentration in Air from Wood Products Using a Small Scale Chamber

ASTM D6062-96(2001) 与健康有关的气溶胶成份个人采样器指南

1.1 This guide defines conventions for personal samplers of specific particle-size-dependent fractions of any given non-fibrous airborne aerosol. Such samplers are used for assessing health effects and in the setting of and testing for compliance with permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment. The conventions have been adopted by the International Standards Organization (Technical Report ISO TR 7708), the Comit Europen de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1). The conventions were developed (2) in part from health-effects studies reviewed (3)by the ACGIH and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed by the ACGIH (3) and by the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) (4). Conventions are given here for inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions.1.2 This guide is complementary to Test Method D4532, which describes the performance of a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone, and operational procedures for use. The procedures, specifically the optimal flow rate, are still valid although the estimated accuracy differs somewhat from use with previous aerosol fraction definitions. Details on this instrument and also the Higgins-Dewell cyclone have recently been published (5-7).1.3 Limitations1.3.1 The definitions given here were adopted by the agencies listed in in part on the basis of expected health effects of the different size fractions, but in part allowing for available sampling equipment. The original adoption by CEN was, in fact, for the eventual setting of common standards by the EC countries while permitting the use of a variety of instrumentation. Deviations of the sampling conventions from health-related effects are as follows:1.3.1.1 The inhalable fraction actually depends on the specific air speed and direction, on the breathing rate, and on whether breathing is by nose or mouth. The values given in the inhalable convention are for representative values of breathing rate and represent averages over all wind directions.1.3.1.2 The respirable and thoracic fractions vary from individual to individual and with the breathing pattern. The conventions are approximations to the average case.1.3.1.3 Each convention applies strictly to a fraction penetrating to a region, rather than depositing. Therefore, samples collected according to the conventions may only approximate correlations with biological effects. For example, the respirable convention overestimates the fraction of very small particles deposited in the alveolar region of the respiratory system because some of the particles are actually exhaled without being deposited (8). In many workplaces, these very small particles contribute insignificantly to the sampled mass. Furthermore, the large variability between individuals and the details of clearance may be as important as this type of effect.1.3.1.4 The thoracic convention applies to mouth breathing, for which aerosol collection is greater than during nose breathing.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Personal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol Fractions

ASTM D5280-96(2007) 带线性校准功能的空气质量测量方法的评定的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for evaluating the following performance characteristics of air quality measurement methods: bias (in part only), calibration function and linearity, instability, lower detection limit, period of unattended operation, selectivity, sensitivity, and upper limit of measurement.1.2 The procedures presented in this practice are applicable only to air quality measurement methods with linear continuous calibration functions, and the output variable of which is a defined time average. The linearity may be due to postprocessing of the primary output variable. Additionally, replicate values belonging to the same input state are assumed to be normally distributed. Components required to transform the primary measurement method output into the time averages desired are regarded as an integral part of this measurement method.1.3 For surveillance of measurement method stability under routine measurement conditions, it may suffice to check the essential performance characteristics using simplified tests, the degree of simplification acceptable being dependent on the knowledge on the invariance properties of the performance characteristics previously gained by the procedures presented here.1.4 There is no fundamental difference between the instrumental (automatic) and the manual (for example, wet-chemical) procedures, as long as the measured value is an average representative for a predefined time interval. Therefore, the procedures presented are applicable to both. Furthermore, they are applicable to measurement methods for ambient, workplace, and indoor atmospheres, as well as emissions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of Air Quality Measurement Methods with Linear Calibration Functions

ASTM D2913-96(2001)e1 大气中硫醇含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers measurement of the concentration of mercaptans (organic thiols) in the atmosphere at concentrations below 100 parts per billion (ppb(v) = 195 181g/m3). For concentrations above 100 ppb(v) level, the sampling period can be reduced or the liquid volume increased either before or after aspirating. The minimum detectable amount of methyl mercaptan is 0.04 181g/mL (1) in a final liquid volume of 25 mL. When sampling air at the maximum recommended rate of 2 L/min for 2 h, the minimum detectable mercaptan concentration is 1.0 ppb(v) (1.95 181g methyl mercaptan/m 3 at 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) and 25oC). This test method determines total mercaptans and does not differentiate among individual mercaptans, although it is most sensitive to the lower molecular weight alkanethiols.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.7, 8.8, and Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere

ASTM D1357-95(2000) 环境大气取样计划的标准实施规程

1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present the broad concepts of sampling the ambient air for the concentrations of contaminants. Detailed procedures are not discussed. General principles in planning a sampling program are given including guidelines for the selection of sites and the location of the air sampling inlet. 1.2 Investigations of atmospheric contaminants involve the study of a heterogeneous mass under uncontrolled conditions. Interpretation of the data derived from the air sampling program must often be based on the statistical theory of probability. Extreme care must be observed to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time to obtain results that may be considered representative. 1.3 The variables that may affect the contaminant concentrations are the atmospheric stability (temperature-height profile), turbulence, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, precipitation, topography, emission rates, chemical reaction rates for their formation and decomposition, and the physical and chemical properties of the contaminant. To obtain concentrations of gaseous contaminants in terms of weight per unit volume, the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure at the location sampled must be known. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere

ASTM D1914-95(1999) 关于环境取样和分析的转换单元和因素的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities. 1.2 This practice is used together with Practice E380, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.

Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis Atmospheres

ASTM D3608-95(2005) 用griss-saltzman反应法测定大气中氧化氮(结合)含量的标准试验方法

Both NO2 and NO play an important role in photochemical-smog-forming reactions. In sufficient concentrations NO2 is deleterious to health, agriculture, materials, and visibility. In combustion processes, significant amounts of NO may be produced by combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen; at ambient temperatures, NO can be converted to NO2 by oxygen and other atmospheric oxidants. Nitrogen dioxide also may be generated from processes involving nitric acid, nitrates, the use of explosives, and welding.1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of the combined nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) content, total NOx; in the atmosphere in the range from 4 to 10 000 g/m3 (0.002 to 5 ppm (v)).1.2 The maximum sampling period is 60 min at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Oxides (Combined) Content in the Atmosphere by the Griess-Saltzman Reaction

ASTM D1914-95(2004)e1 大气取样和分析的相关换算单位和系数的标准规程

1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.

Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

ASTM D5756-95 用透射电子显微镜对尘埃中石棉质量浓度作微真空取样和间接分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure to ( ) identify asbestos in dust and ( ) provide an estimate of the concentration of asbestos in the sampled dust, reported as either the mass of asbestos per unit area of sampled surface or as the mass of asbestos per mass of sampled dust. 1.1.1 If an estimate of asbestos structure counts is to be determined, the user is referred to Test Method D5755. 1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique, non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos. The non-airborne sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette from the sampling of a surface area for dust which may contain asbestos. 1.2.1 This procedure uses a microvacuuming sampling technique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown. Variability of collection efficiency for any particular substrate and across different types of substrates is also unknown. The effects of sampling efficiency differences and variability on the interpretation of dust sampling measurements have not been determined. 1.3 Asbestos identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Some information about structure size is also determined. 1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the concentration of asbestos starting from approximately 0.24 pg of asbestos per square centimeter (assuming a minimum fiber dimension of 0.5 [mu]m by 0.025 [mu]m, see 17.8), but will vary with the analytical parameters noted in 17.8. 1.4.1 The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disaggregate and disperse asbestos into fibrils and fiber bundles that can be more accurately identified, counted, and sized by transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantitation may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fibers. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Mass Concentration

ASTM D1914-95(2014) 关于环境取样和分析的转换单元和因素的标准实施规程

3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement. 3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10. 3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979. 3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system. 3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column. (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356. 1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities. 1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.

Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

ASTM D1357-95(2011) 规划环境大气取样点的标准操作规程

Since the analysis of the atmosphere is influenced by phenomena in which all factors except the method of sampling and analytical procedure are beyond the control of the investigator, statistical consideration must be given to determine the adequacy of the number of samples obtained, the length of time that the sampling program is carried out, and the number of sites sampled. The purpose of the sampling and the characteristics of the contaminant to be measured will have an influence in determining this adequacy. Regular, or if possible, continuous measurements of the contaminant with simultaneous pertinent meteorological observations should be obtained during all seasons of the year. Statistical techniques may then be applied to determine the influence of the meteorological variables on the concentrations measured (2). Statistical methods may be used for the interpretation of all of the data available (2). Trends of patterns and relationships between variables of statistical significance may be detected. Much of the validity of the results will depend, however, on the comprehensiveness of the analysis and the location and contaminant measured. For example, if 24-h samples of suspended particulate matter are obtained only periodically (for example, every 6 or 8 days throughout the year), the geometric mean of the measured concentrations is representative of the median value assuming the data are log normally distributed. The geometric mean level may be used to compare the air quality at different locations at which such regular but intermittent observations of suspended particulate matter are made.1.1 The purpose of this practice is to present the broad concepts of sampling the ambient air for the concentrations of contaminants. Detailed procedures are not discussed. General principles in planning a sampling program are given including guidelines for the selection of sites and the location of the air sampling inlet. 1.2 Investigations of atmospheric contaminants involve the study of a heterogeneous mass under uncontrolled conditions. Interpretation of the data derived from the air sampling program must often be based on the statistical theory of probability. Extreme care must be observed to obtain measurements over a sufficient length of time to obtain results that may be considered representative. 1.3 The variables that may affect the contaminant concentrations are the atmospheric stability (temperature-height profile), turbulence, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, precipitation, topography, emission rates, chemical reaction rates for their formation and decomposition, and the physical and chemical properties of the contaminant. To obtain concentrations of gaseous contaminants in terms of weight per unit volume, the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure at the location sampled must be known. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere

ASTM D5755-95 用透射电子显微镜对尘埃中石棉结构值浓度作微真空取样和间接分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure to ( ) identify asbestos in dust and ( ) provide an estimate of the concentration of asbestos in the sampled dust reported as the number of asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface. 1.1.1 If an estimate of the asbestos mass is to be determined, the user is referred to Test Method D5756. 1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for sampling, by a microvacuum technique, non-airborne dust for levels of asbestos structures. The non-airborne sample is collected inside a standard filter membrane cassette from the sampling of a surface area for dust which may contain asbestos. 1.2.1 This procedure uses a microvacuuming sampling technique. The collection efficiency of this technique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, adhesiveness, electrostatic properties and other factors. 1.3 Asbestos identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Some information about structure size is also determined. 1.4 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the concentration of asbestos structures starting from approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre. 1.4.1 The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggregated asbestos into fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters, or matrices that can be more accurately quantified by transmission electron microscopy. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantification may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fibers. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for Asbestos Structure Number Concentrations

ASTM D2914-95 大气中二氧化硫含量的标准试验方法(韦斯特-盖克法)

1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 181g/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 181g/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 181g SO2/mL to 1.3 181g SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 181g SO2/mL to 1.4 181g SO2/mL.1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 181g SO2/mL(1), representing an air concentration of 25 181g SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 181g SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.Note 1--These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 181g/m 3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4. Note 2--Concentrations higher than 1000 181g/m 3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9 , and A3.1.1

Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

ASTM D5149-95 大气臭氧浓度的标准试验方法:化学发光乙烯的连续测量

1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuous analysis of the ozone content of the atmosphere at concentrations of 20 to 2000 [mu]g of ozone/m3 (10 ppb (v) to 1 ppm (v)). 1.2 This test method is limited in application by its sensitivity to interferences as described below. This test method is not suitable for personal sampling because of instrument size and sensitivity to vibration and ambient temperature. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific precautionary statements are presented in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Ozone in the Atmosphere: Continuous Measurement by Ethylene Chemiluminescence

ASTM D3162-94(2005) 大气中一氧化碳的标准试验方法(用非扩散的红外光谱测定法进行连续测量)

Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution complexes. This test method derives significance from providing such determination. Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4). This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m 3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 m region (1).1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section for additional precautions.

Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

ASTM D3162-94(2000)e1 大气中一氧化碳的标准试验方法(用非扩散的红外光谱测定法进行连续测量)

1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 181m region (1). 1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See section 9 for additional precautions.

Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

ASTM D1607-91(2005) 大气中二氧化氮含量的测试方法(格里斯-沙耳茨曼反应)

Nitrogen dioxide plays an important role in photochemical smog-forming reactions and, in sufficient concentrations, is deleterious to health, agriculture, materials, and visibility. In combustion processes, significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) may be produced by combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen; at ambient temperatures NO can be converted to NO2 by oxygen and other atmospheric oxidants. Nitrogen dioxide may also be generated from processes involving nitric acid, nitrates, the use of explosives, and welding.1.1 This test method covers the manual determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere in the range from 4 to 10 000 g/m3 (0.002 to 5 ppm(v)) when sampling is conducted in fritted-tip bubblers.1.2 For concentrations of NO2 in excess of 10 mg/m3 (5 ppm(v)), as occur in industrial atmospheres, gas burner stacks, or automotive exhaust, or for samples relatively high in sulfur dioxide content, other methods should be applied. See for example Test Method D 1608.1.3 The maximum sampling period is 60 min at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also for other precautions.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (Griess-Saltzman Reaction)

ASTM D3268-91(2000)e1 在大气中分离和收集颗粒和气态氟化物的标准试验方法（碳酸氢钠涂层玻璃管和颗粒过滤器法）

1.1 The sodium bicarbonate-coated glass tube and membrane filter method provides a means for the separation and collection of gaseous atmospheric forms of fluoride reactive with sodium bicarbonate and particulate forms of fluoride which are collected by a filter. The test method is applicable to 12-h sampling periods, collecting 1 to 500 [mu]g of gaseous fluoride at a 15 L/min (0.5 ft /min) sampling rate or about 0.1 to 50 [mu]g/m . The length of the sampling period can therefore be adjusted so that the amount of fluoride collected will fall within this range. The actual lower limit of the test method will depend upon the sensitivity of the analytical method employed and the quality of reagents used in tube preparation and analysis. It is recommended that the lower limit of detection should be considered as two times the standard deviation of the monthly arithmetic mean blank value. Any values greater than the blank by less than this amount should be reported as "blank value." 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses may be approximate. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Separation and Collection of Particulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Sodium Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate Filter Method)

ASTM D3268-91(2005) 大气中粒状物和气态氟化物分离及收集的标准试验方法(碳酸氢钠涂料玻璃管与粒状物过滤器法)

The sodium bicarbonate coated tube filter method provides a means of separating and collecting atmospheric gaseous fluoride and particulate fluoride samples. Since the samples are collected on the dry tube and filter, the fluoride may be eluted with a small volume of eluant (see Section 10 for specific instructions on fluoride elution). Elution into a small volume and the sensitivity of the analytical methods employed allow the analysis of the collected fluoride to fractional parts of a microgram per cubic metre on samples taken for a 12-h period.1.1 The sodium bicarbonate-coated glass tube and membrane filter method provides a means for the separation and collection of gaseous atmospheric forms of fluoride reactive with sodium bicarbonate and particulate forms of fluoride which are collected by a filter. The test method is applicable to 12-h sampling periods, collecting 1 to 500 g of gaseous fluoride at a 15 L/min [0.5 ft3/min] sampling rate or about 0.1 to 50 g/m 3. The length of the sampling period can therefore be adjusted so that the amount of fluoride collected will fall within this range. The actual lower limit of the test method will depend upon the sensitivity of the analytical method employed and the quality of reagents used in tube preparation and analysis. It is recommended that the lower limit of detection should be considered as two times the standard deviation of the monthly arithmetic mean blank value. Any values greater than the blank by less than this amount should be reported as "blank value."1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets may be approximate.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Separation and Collection of Particulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Sodium Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate Filter Method)